Other Obligations on RE under AML/CFT- RBI, India

 RBI, India has issued guidance on various issues related to AML/CFT from time to time. 

Unique Customer Identification Code

 

A Unique Customer Identification Code (UCIC) will help banks to identify the customers, avoid multiple identities, track the facilities availed, monitor financial transactions in a holistic manner and enable banks to have a better approach to risk profiling of customers. Banks have been advised to allot UCIC while entering into new relationships with individual customers as also the existing customers


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Correspondent Relationship with a “Shell Bank”

Banks should refuse to enter into a correspondent relationship with a “shell bank” (i.e. a bank which is incorporated in a country where it has no physical presence and is unaffiliated to any regulated financial group). Shell banks are not permitted to operate in India. Banks should not enter into relationship with shell banks and before establishing correspondent relationship with any foreign institution, banks should take appropriate measures to satisfy themselves that the foreign respondent institution does not permit its accounts to be used by shell banks. Banks should be extremely cautious while continuing relationships with correspondent banks located in countries with poor KYC standards and countries identified as 'non-cooperative' in the fight against money laundering and terrorist financing. Banks should ensure that their respondent banks have anti money laundering policies and procedures in place and apply enhanced 'due diligence' procedures for transactions carried out through the correspondent accounts.


Applicability to Branches and Subsidiaries outside India


Branches Abroad

The guidelines contained in this master circular shall apply to the branches and majority owned subsidiaries located abroad, especially, in countries which do not or insufficiently apply the FATF Recommendations, to the extent local laws permit. When local applicable laws and regulations prohibit implementation of these guidelines, the same should be brought to the notice of Reserve Bank. In case there is a variance in KYC/AML standards prescribed by the Reserve Bank and the host country regulators, branches/overseas subsidiaries of banks are required to adopt the more stringent regulation of the two.

Operation of Bank Accounts & Money Mules

 

The instructions on opening of accounts and monitoring of transactions shall be strictly adhered to, in order to minimise the operations of “Money Mules” which are used to launder the proceeds of fraud schemes (e.g., phishing and identity theft) by criminals who gain illegal access to deposit accounts by recruiting third parties which act as “money mules.” Banks shall undertake diligence measures and meticulous monitoring to identify accounts which are operated as Money Mules and take appropriate action, including reporting of suspicious transactions to FIU-IND. Further, if it is established that an account opened and operated is that of a Money Mule, but no STR was filed by the concerned bank, it shall then be deemed that the bank has not complied with these directions.


Walk-in Customer

 

In case of transactions carried out by a non-account based customer, that is a walk-in customer, where the amount of transaction is equal to or exceeds Rs. 50,000/-, whether conducted as a single transaction or several transactions that appear to be connected, the customer's identity and address should be verified. If a bank has reason to believe that a customer is intentionally structuring a transaction into a series of transactions below the threshold of Rs.50,000/- the bank should verify the identity and address of the customer and also consider filing a Suspicious Transactions Report (STR) to Financial Intelligence Unit – India (FIU-IND). In terms of Clause (b) (ii) of sub-Rule (1) of Rule 9 of the PML Rules, 2005 banks and financial institutions are required to verify the identity of the customers for all international money transfer operations.

 

Issue of Demand Drafts, etc, for more than Rs.50,000/-

 

Banks should ensure that any remittance of funds by way of demand draft, mail/telegraphic transfer or any other mode and issue of travellers’ cheques for value of Rs.50,000/- and above is effected by debit to the customer’s account or against cheques and not against cash payment. 

Period for presenting payment instruments 

Payment of cheques/drafts/pay orders/banker’s cheques, if they are presented beyond the period of three months from the date of such instruments, shall not be made. 

Collection of Account Payee Cheques

 Account payee cheques for any person other than the payee constituent shall not be collected. Banks shall, at their option, collect account payee cheques drawn for an amount not exceeding rupees fifty thousand to the account of their customers who are co-operative credit societies, provided the payees of such cheques are the constituents of such co-operative credit societies.

(a) A Unique Customer Identification Code (UCIC) shall be allotted while entering into new relationships with individual customers as also the existing individual customers by REs.

(b) The REs shall, at their option, not issue UCIC to all walk-in/occasional customers provided it is ensured that there is adequate mechanism to identify such walk-in customers who have frequent transactions with them and ensure that they are allotted UCIC.

 

Introduction of New Technologies

 

REs shall identify and assess the ML/TF risks that may arise in relation to the development of new products and new business practices, including new delivery mechanisms, and the use of new or developing technologies for both new and preexisting products. Further, REs shall ensure:

(a) to undertake the ML/TF risk assessments prior to the launch or use of such products, practices, services, technologies; and

(b) adoption of a risk-based approach to manage and mitigate the risks through appropriate EDD measures and transaction monitoring, etc


Dealing with Uunregulated Entities in the process of Wire Transfer

  

Obligations in respect of REs’ engagement or involvement with unregulated entities in the process of wire transfer REs shall be cognizant of their obligations under these instructions and ensure strict compliance, in respect of engagement or involvement of any unregulated entities in the process of wire transfer. More specifically, whenever there is involvement of any unregulated entities in the process of wire transfers, the concerned REs shall be fully responsible for information, reporting and other requirements and therefore shall ensure, inter alia, that,

i) There is unhindered flow of complete wire transfer information, as mandated under these directions, from and through the unregulated entities involved;

ii) The agreement / arrangement, if any, with such unregulated entities by REs clearly stipulates the obligations under wire transfer instructions; and

iii) A termination clause is available in their agreement / arrangement, if any, with such entities so that in case the unregulated entities are unable to support the wire information requirements, the agreement / arrangement can be terminated. Existing agreements / arrangements, if any, with such entities shall be reviewed within three months to ensure aforementioned requirements. ii. REs’ responsibility while undertaking cross-border wire transfer with respect to name screening (such that they do not process cross-border transactions of designated persons and entities) REs are prohibited from conducting transactions with designated persons and entities and accordingly, in addition to compliance with Chapter IX of the Master Direction, REs shall ensure that they do not process cross-border transactions of designated persons and entities.

iv. REs’ responsibility to fulfil record management requirements Complete originator and beneficiary information relating to wire transfers shall be preserved by the REs involved in the wire transfer, in accordance with Section 46 of the Master Direction. 65. Issue and Payment of Demand Drafts, etc., Any remittance of funds by way of demand draft, mail/telegraphic transfer/NEFT/IMPS or any other mode and issue of travelers’ cheques for value of rupees fifty thousand and above shall be effected by debit to the customer’s account or against cheques and not against cash payment. Further, the name of the purchaser shall be incorporated on the face of the demand draft, pay order, banker’s cheque, etc., by the issuing bank. These instructions shall take effect for such instruments issued on or after September 15, 2018.

Quoting of PAN Permanent account number (PAN) or equivalent e-document thereof of customers shall be obtained and verified while undertaking transactions as per the provisions of Income Tax Rule 114B applicable to banks, as amended from time to time. Form 60 shall be obtained from persons who do not have PAN or equivalent e-document thereof.

Selling Third party products 


REs acting as agents while selling third party products as per regulations in force from time to time shall comply with the following aspects for the purpose of these directions:

(a) The identity and address of the walk-in customer shall be verified for transactions above rupees fifty thousand as required under Section 13(e) of this Directions.

(b) Transaction details of sale of third-party products and related records shall be maintained as prescribed in Section 46 of Chapter VII.

(c) AML software capable of capturing, generating and analysing alerts for the purpose of filing CTR/STR in respect of transactions relating to third party products with customers including walk-in customers shall be available.

(d) Transactions involving rupees fifty thousand and above shall be undertaken only by:

 

· Debit to customers’ account or against cheques; and

· Obtaining and verifying the PAN given by the account-based as well as walk-in customers.

(e) Instruction at ‘d’ above shall also apply to sale of REs’ own products, payment of dues of credit cards/sale and reloading of prepaid/travel cards and any other product for rupees fifty thousand and above.

 

At-par cheque facility availed by Co-operative banks

 

(a) The ‘at par’ cheque facility offered by commercial banks to co-operative banks shall be monitored and such arrangements be reviewed to assess the risks including credit risk and reputational risk arising therefrom.

(b) The right to verify the records maintained by the customer cooperative banks/ societies for compliance with the extant instructions on KYC and AML under such arrangements shall be retained by banks.

(c) Cooperative Banks shall:

i. ensure that the ‘at par’ cheque facility is utilised only:

a. for their own use,

b. for their account-holders who are KYC complaint, provided that all transactions of rupees fifty thousand or more are strictly by debit to the customers’ accounts,

c. for walk-in customers against cash for less than rupees fifty thousand per individual.

         ii. Maintain the following:

a. records pertaining to issuance of ‘at par’ cheques covering, inter alia, applicant’s name and account number, beneficiary’s details and date of issuance of the ‘at par’ cheque,

b. sufficient balances/drawing arrangements with the commercial bank extending such facility for purpose of honouring such instruments.

         iii. ensure that ‘At par’ cheques issued are crossed ‘account payee’ irrespective of the amount involved.

 

Issuance of Prepaid Payment Instruments (PPIs):

 

PPI issuers shall ensure that the instructions issued by Department of Payment and Settlement System of Reserve Bank of India through their Master Direction are strictly adhered to.

 

 

 Hiring of Employees and Employee Training

 

(a) Adequate screening mechanism, including Know Your Employee / Staff policy, as an integral part of their personnel recruitment/hiring process shall be put in place.

(b) REs shall endeavour to ensure that the staff dealing with / being deployed for KYC/AML/CFT matters have:

high integrity and ethical standards, good understanding of extant KYC/AML/CFT standards, effective communication skills and ability to keep up with the changing KYC/AML/CFT landscape, nationally and internationally. REs shall also strive to develop an environment which fosters open communication and high integrity amongst the staff.

 (c) On-going employee training programme shall be put in place so that the members of staff are adequately trained in KYC/AML/CFT policy. The focus of the training shall be different for frontline staff, compliance staff and staff dealing with new customers. The front desk staff shall be specially trained to handle issues arising from lack of customer education. Proper staffing of the audit function with persons adequately trained and well-versed in KYC/AML/CFT policies of the RE, regulation and related issues shall be ensured.


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